高中语法大清点（专自新东方推荐高三的一定要看！）

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省略 （高二内容）
“省略”是英语学习中不可忽视的重要内容

省略是语言的一大特色。省略可以避免重复，突出重点，做到言简意赅。省略句在英语中十分普遍。英语的省略形式多种多样，从单词到一个句子的主谓结构都可以省略，并且还有一套省略规则。近年来高考试卷对省略规则进行了专项考查，如：

1 . The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him ____ . (95年)
A . not to B . not to do C . not do it D . do not to
正确答案是A : not to = not to ride his bicycle in the street

2 . How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ____ . (96年)
A . the better voice B . a good voice C . the best voice D . a better voice
正确答案为D：a better voice = a better voice than hers

要做对以上题目，考生除了对考题的涉及到的其他语言点熟悉外，关键是要具备敏感地识别和正确运用省略句的能力。正确地识别省略句，弄清楚省略了什么，对正确理解句子和文章的意思具有重要的意义。

一、动词不定式中的省略
1 . 在下列情况中不定式符号 to 必须省略：
(1) 在 see , watch , notice , observe , look at , make , have , let , hear , listen to , feel 等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时；
(2) 在“… do nothing but / except do…”的句型中不定式在介词 but 或 except 后作宾语时；
(3) 在 would rather 和 had better 后的不定式；
(4) 在几个不定式并列时，第二、第三个不定式。例如：
It’s quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice .
2 . 在 expect , forget , like , want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able , be
going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号 to 后面的动词原形常省略。
(1) He often does things you wouldn‘t expect him to . (= you wouldn’t expect him to do)
(2) He had wanted to go there , but he forgot to . (= but he forgot to go there)
(3) A: Would you like to come and look at our workshop ?
B: Yes , I‘d like to . (= I’d like to go and look at your workshop)
(4) A: Do you play chess ?
B: Yes , I used to (= I used to play it) , but don‘t now .
(5) I shall not go unless I have to . (= useless I have to go)
(6) You didn’t work hard as you ought to . (= as you ought to have worked hard)

二、并列结构中的省略。这种省略一般是省去重复成分，突出不同部分。例如(括号中表示省略掉的部分，下同)：
(1) Mary has washed and (Mary has) dried the dishes .
(2) John should clean the wall and Peter (should clean) the floor .
(3) His suggestions made John happy , but (his suggestions made) Peter angry .
(4) John was the winner in 1898 , and Bob (was the winner) in 1907 .
(5) George will take the course , and Tod might (take the course) too .

三、比较结构中的省略。在连词 than 和 as 后的比较状语从句中常省去和前面主句中的重复成份，只保留作比较的成份。例如：
(1) His handwriting is much better than Li Ping‘s (handwriting) .
(2) The emperor cared more for clothes than (he cared) for anything else .
(3) You respect him as much as I (respect him) .
(4) You respect him as much as (you respect) me .
(5) They finished the work three days earlier than (they had been) expected (to finish it) .

四、连词引导的从句中的省略。这些连词有 if , as if , while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether 等。例如：
(1) Mistakes , if any , should be corrected . (if any = if there are any mistakes)
(2) Please come again , if possible . (if possible = if it is possible for you to come)
(3) Fill in the proper articles where necessary . (where necessary = where they are necessary)
(4) He won’t come , unless invited . (unless invited = unless he is invited)
(5) She opened her lips as if to say something . (as if to say something = as if she were going to say something)

五、倒装结构中的省略。例如：
(1) Were I you , I would not do it . (= If I were you , I …)
(2) We would have given you a phone call , had we known your telephone number . (= We would …if we had known…)
(3) We have finished our homework , so have they . (= … , and they have finished their homework , too)
(4) If you don‘t go to the concert , neither shall I . (= I shall not go to the concert either)

六、某些介词的省略。(这种省略也可以不省)例如：
prevent sb (from) doing ; stop sb (from) doing ; have trouble / difficulty (in) doing ; spend time / money (in) doing ; (with a) sword in (his) hand

七、宾语从句中连词 that 和定语从句中关系代词 that 等的省略。连词 that 引导宾语从句时常省略；关系代词 that , which , whom 在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

八、定冠词 the 的省略。the 在副词的最高级前一般省去；the 在表示独一无二的官衔或职位的名词前，而这个名词在句子中又是充当补足语或表语时，必须省去 the。如：Lincoln was elected president of the U . S .

九、句子的主谓结构的省略。
1 . 这种省略在对话中用得很多。读者只要仔细对照上下文，就不难看出省略了什么。例如：
(1) A: Is she your teacher ?
B: No , she is my brother’s . (= No , she isn‘t my teacher , but she is my brother’s . )
(2) A: Will it rain tomorrow ?
B: I hope not . (= I hope it won‘t rain tomorrow . )
(3) A: Where is it ?
B: Where you left it . (= It is where you left it . )
(4) A: When shall we start ?
B: Whenever you like . (= You may start whenever you like . )
(5) A: When will you write to him ?
B: Tomorrow , but not if I am too busy . (= I will write to him tomorrow , but I won’t write to him of I am too busy . )
2 . 有时句子省略出现在语段中就比较难识别。但正确的识别对完整理解文章的意义很重要。读者必须根据上下文的逻辑意义推敲句子的言外之意。