2005-7-21 14:53
LECTURE1.2
二. 谚语口译
Interpreting Proverbs
翻译作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句,常为人们所引用.在国际交往中,人们喜欢引用本国或外国的谚语.例如美国前总统里根1984年4月访华时充满深情地说:Since we arrived the graciousness with which we have been received has been heartwarming.A Chinese proverb best describes my feeling:"When the visitor arrives,it is as if returning home."(宾至如归)同年11月访华的挪威首相Willoch在欢迎宴席上说道:try from afar,I am very conscious of the truth of the Chinese proverb"Seeing is believing"(百闻不如一见)
谚语的准确转译是口译人员必须面对的一道难题.好在许多谚语流传甚广,早已为我们所熟知.例如,英语谚语A good beginning is half the battle/Well begun is half done,许多英语学习者都只到其含义及汉语译文,即"一个良好的开端是成功的一半.恐怕不会有人会将其译为"一个良好的开端是半场战斗"吧?谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型,一种是"形同意合"的口译,第二种是"形似意合"的口译,第三种是"形异意合"的口译.下面分别介绍这三种谚语.
1英语和汉语两种语言汇总都有许多形同意合的谚语.例如英语的A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit与汉语的"吃一堑,长一智"其形其意都是吻合的.请看一下各例谚语的英汉对照:
Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩.
Money can't buy time.寸金难买寸光阴
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母
To teach is to learn.教学相长
Like father,like son.有其父必有其子
Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败
Fish in troubled water.浑水摸鱼
Business is business公事公办
The style is the man文如其人
More haste,less speed欲速则不达
Great minds think alike英雄所见略同
Misfortunes never come alone祸不单行
Hedges have eyes,walls have ears.隔篱右眼,隔墙有耳.
Man proposes,god disposes.谋事在人,成事在天
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder情人眼里出西施
Time and tide wait for no man时不我待/岁月无情
A young idler,an old beggar少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
A man should not bite the hand that feeds him不要恩将仇报
Health is better than wealth家有万贯财,不如一身健
Out of office ,out of danger无官一身轻
In time of peace prepare for war居安当思危
The tongue cuts the throat祸从口出/言多必失
Out of sight,out of mind./Far from eye,far from heart.眼不见为净
All shall be well,Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成眷属
Friends must part.天下无不散之筵席
The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘,后事之师/前车之覆,后车之鉴
2英汉语言终有许多谚语虽然形有所不同,但表意却惊人的相似,例如英语中有Love me,love my dog一语,汉语也有"爱屋及乌"的说法.以下是第二类谚语:
Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕/一石两鸟
Speak of the devil(and he will appear)说到曹操,曹操就到
A new broom sweeps clean新官上任三把火
Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡骇猴
Teach fish to swim班门弄斧
A word spoken is past recalling一言既出,驷马难追
Let sleeping dogs lie勿打草惊蛇
In for a penny,in for a pound.一不做二不休
There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪
Have a card up one's sleeve.胸有成竹
Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置
Fine feathers make fine birds.人靠衣装
As a man sows,so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜
Much will have more.得陇望蜀/得寸进尺
The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主
He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头,卖狗肉
Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深
The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝
There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草
Diamod cut diamod.强中更有强中手
He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀
Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短,吃了嘴软
Dogs bite in every country.天下乌鸦一般黑.
Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲,暗箭难防
Little strokes fell great oaks.滴水穿石
Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相
All roads lead to rome./All rivers run into the sea殊途同归
Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹剑
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子歪
The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟,亦能覆舟
A sparrow cannot understand the anbition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志
It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.宁当鸡头,不当凤尾
It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./Better die with honor than live with shame.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全.
3第三类谚语,容易示人望形生意,造成误译.例如英语谚语A horse stumbles that has four legs,若将其译成"有四条腿的马会失蹄",这自然会给听者的理解带来困难.对于这类谚语的翻译,英采取"形相远而意象近"的译法,即以完全不同的词语将甲方语句传达给乙方.如果我们将上例翻译为"人非圣贤,孰能无过"或是"金无足赤,人无完人",不失为成功的处理方法.下面的例子都体现了这一原则:
Rest breeds rust生命在于运动
Names are debts树大招风
Common fame is a liar盛名之下,其实难副
Many kiss the baby for the nurse's sake醉翁之意不在酒
Tothing venture,nothing have不入虎穴,焉的虎子
Things done cannot be undone覆水难收
True blue will never stain真金不怕火炼
A clear conscience is a sure card为人不做亏心事,半夜不怕鬼敲门
A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart做贼心虚
All your swans are geese事与愿违
Justice has long arms天网恢恢,疏而不漏
Late fruit keeps well大器晚成
Take things as they come既来之则安之
A hedge between keeps friendship green君子之交淡若水
Everbody's business is nobody's business三个和尚没水吃
The moon is not seen when the sun shines小巫见大巫
Penny wise and pound foolish因小失大
The pot calls the kettle black五十步笑百步
Short pleasure,long lament一失足成千古恨
Danger is next neighbor to security塞翁失马,安之非福?
Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises祸兮福所倚,福兮祸所伏
当然,掌握了以上三种谚语的翻译方法并不等于找到了一把可以翻译所有谚语的万能钥匙.有些谚语的翻译语序"转形解意",而有些则需"以不变应万变".例如:
Silence is golden.沉默是金
A rolling stone gathers no moss滚石不生苔
One swallow does not make a summer一燕不成夏
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手
除了谚语之外,成语,习语,歇后语等语句的口译方法有"举一反三"之意.一般说来,在了解有关词语所含寓意的情况下,可采用意译或半意译的方法,只需将词语的意思传译即可.至于歇后语的口译,一般不必将歇后语的前后两部分都译成英语.[口译时,原则上只需将翻译歇后语所表达的主要意思,即歇后语中后半句的内容即可.
Assignment:
英译汉
once bit,twice shy.
birds of a feather flock together
every potter praises his pot.
do one thing under cover of another
汉译英
大智若愚
自食其果
失之东隅,收之桑榆
有福同享,有难同当
二. 谚语口译
Interpreting Proverbs
翻译作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句,常为人们所引用.在国际交往中,人们喜欢引用本国或外国的谚语.例如美国前总统里根1984年4月访华时充满深情地说:Since we arrived the graciousness with which we have been received has been heartwarming.A Chinese proverb best describes my feeling:"When the visitor arrives,it is as if returning home."(宾至如归)同年11月访华的挪威首相Willoch在欢迎宴席上说道:try from afar,I am very conscious of the truth of the Chinese proverb"Seeing is believing"(百闻不如一见)
谚语的准确转译是口译人员必须面对的一道难题.好在许多谚语流传甚广,早已为我们所熟知.例如,英语谚语A good beginning is half the battle/Well begun is half done,许多英语学习者都只到其含义及汉语译文,即"一个良好的开端是成功的一半.恐怕不会有人会将其译为"一个良好的开端是半场战斗"吧?谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型,一种是"形同意合"的口译,第二种是"形似意合"的口译,第三种是"形异意合"的口译.下面分别介绍这三种谚语.
1英语和汉语两种语言汇总都有许多形同意合的谚语.例如英语的A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit与汉语的"吃一堑,长一智"其形其意都是吻合的.请看一下各例谚语的英汉对照:
Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩.
Money can't buy time.寸金难买寸光阴
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母
To teach is to learn.教学相长
Like father,like son.有其父必有其子
Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败
Fish in troubled water.浑水摸鱼
Business is business公事公办
The style is the man文如其人
More haste,less speed欲速则不达
Great minds think alike英雄所见略同
Misfortunes never come alone祸不单行
Hedges have eyes,walls have ears.隔篱右眼,隔墙有耳.
Man proposes,god disposes.谋事在人,成事在天
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder情人眼里出西施
Time and tide wait for no man时不我待/岁月无情
A young idler,an old beggar少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
A man should not bite the hand that feeds him不要恩将仇报
Health is better than wealth家有万贯财,不如一身健
Out of office ,out of danger无官一身轻
In time of peace prepare for war居安当思危
The tongue cuts the throat祸从口出/言多必失
Out of sight,out of mind./Far from eye,far from heart.眼不见为净
All shall be well,Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成眷属
Friends must part.天下无不散之筵席
The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘,后事之师/前车之覆,后车之鉴
2英汉语言终有许多谚语虽然形有所不同,但表意却惊人的相似,例如英语中有Love me,love my dog一语,汉语也有"爱屋及乌"的说法.以下是第二类谚语:
Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕/一石两鸟
Speak of the devil(and he will appear)说到曹操,曹操就到
A new broom sweeps clean新官上任三把火
Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡骇猴
Teach fish to swim班门弄斧
A word spoken is past recalling一言既出,驷马难追
Let sleeping dogs lie勿打草惊蛇
In for a penny,in for a pound.一不做二不休
There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪
Have a card up one's sleeve.胸有成竹
Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置
Fine feathers make fine birds.人靠衣装
As a man sows,so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜
Much will have more.得陇望蜀/得寸进尺
The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主
He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头,卖狗肉
Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深
The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝
There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草
Diamod cut diamod.强中更有强中手
He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀
Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短,吃了嘴软
Dogs bite in every country.天下乌鸦一般黑.
Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲,暗箭难防
Little strokes fell great oaks.滴水穿石
Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相
All roads lead to rome./All rivers run into the sea殊途同归
Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹剑
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子歪
The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟,亦能覆舟
A sparrow cannot understand the anbition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志
It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.宁当鸡头,不当凤尾
It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./Better die with honor than live with shame.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全.
3第三类谚语,容易示人望形生意,造成误译.例如英语谚语A horse stumbles that has four legs,若将其译成"有四条腿的马会失蹄",这自然会给听者的理解带来困难.对于这类谚语的翻译,英采取"形相远而意象近"的译法,即以完全不同的词语将甲方语句传达给乙方.如果我们将上例翻译为"人非圣贤,孰能无过"或是"金无足赤,人无完人",不失为成功的处理方法.下面的例子都体现了这一原则:
Rest breeds rust生命在于运动
Names are debts树大招风
Common fame is a liar盛名之下,其实难副
Many kiss the baby for the nurse's sake醉翁之意不在酒
Tothing venture,nothing have不入虎穴,焉的虎子
Things done cannot be undone覆水难收
True blue will never stain真金不怕火炼
A clear conscience is a sure card为人不做亏心事,半夜不怕鬼敲门
A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart做贼心虚
All your swans are geese事与愿违
Justice has long arms天网恢恢,疏而不漏
Late fruit keeps well大器晚成
Take things as they come既来之则安之
A hedge between keeps friendship green君子之交淡若水
Everbody's business is nobody's business三个和尚没水吃
The moon is not seen when the sun shines小巫见大巫
Penny wise and pound foolish因小失大
The pot calls the kettle black五十步笑百步
Short pleasure,long lament一失足成千古恨
Danger is next neighbor to security塞翁失马,安之非福?
Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises祸兮福所倚,福兮祸所伏
当然,掌握了以上三种谚语的翻译方法并不等于找到了一把可以翻译所有谚语的万能钥匙.有些谚语的翻译语序"转形解意",而有些则需"以不变应万变".例如:
Silence is golden.沉默是金
A rolling stone gathers no moss滚石不生苔
One swallow does not make a summer一燕不成夏
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手
除了谚语之外,成语,习语,歇后语等语句的口译方法有"举一反三"之意.一般说来,在了解有关词语所含寓意的情况下,可采用意译或半意译的方法,只需将词语的意思传译即可.至于歇后语的口译,一般不必将歇后语的前后两部分都译成英语.[口译时,原则上只需将翻译歇后语所表达的主要意思,即歇后语中后半句的内容即可.
Assignment:
英译汉
once bit,twice shy.
birds of a feather flock together
every potter praises his pot.
do one thing under cover of another
汉译英
大智若愚
自食其果
失之东隅,收之桑榆
有福同享,有难同当
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