翻译技巧精讲

[skyhyatt]

笔译其实是口译的基础,从以后的课程中就可以看得出来.

OK~~~现在进入到笔译的学习

LECTURE2.0

一.OMISSION
把英语译成汉语,译文一定要符合汉语的表达习惯.与英语相比较,汉语里代词(尤其是人称代词)和连接词(尤其是并列连接此”和”)用得不多,能省略的代词和连接词一般都不在句子里出现.因此,英译汉时,应避免在句子里过多地使用代词和连接词,否则译文就会显的生硬不自然.
1.代词的省略
They pride themselves on [font=Times New Roman]their independence,[font=Times New Roman]their right to make up [font=Times New Roman]their own minds.
他们为能独立行事,为有权作出自己的决定而感到自豪.
They average American changes [font=Times New Roman]his or [font=Times New Roman]her job nine or ten times during [font=Times New Roman]his or [font=Times New Roman]her working life.
普通美国人医生中换九到十次工作.
上面两句话里的物主代词都不必译出.
初学翻译的人,由于受原文的束缚或影响,往往自觉或不自觉地把原文里的代词都照搬到译文里.为了客服这种倾向,译者在定稿前可多看两遍译文,注意把里面不必要的代词统统删掉,使句子更简洁顺畅.
2.连接词的省略
英语句子的连接,无论时并列句还是复合句,都得靠连接词来表现句子之间的逻辑关系.与注重形式的英语句子相比,汉语句子多半是平行的,不一定借助连接此也可以看出句子与句子的关联.例如:”明天不下雨,我们就去郊游.”而在英语里,前半句必须是个以”if”连接的状语从句.因此,把一个用连接词合在一起的(“形合”)英语句子译成以意思合在一起(“意合”)的汉语句子,只要意思连贯,译文里就不必出现连接词.
显然,下面两句话里的”and”合”or”都没有必要译出来.
Most Americans have great vigor [font=Times New Roman]and enthusiasm.
大多数美国人精力充沛,热情高涨.
They have courage [font=Times New Roman]and do not give in easily.
他们有勇气,不轻易屈服.
Foreigners sometimes complain,however,that they have little interest in[font=Times New Roman] or knowledge of the outside world.
然而,外国人却有时抱怨说,美国人对外部世界漠不关心,一无所知.
3.冠词的省略
英语有冠词,汉语没有.在英译汉过程中,不定冠词(a,an)除了表示”一”这个数量概念时需要译出之外,其他情况下往往省略不译.如:
They are prepared to take the initiative,even when there is [font=Times New Roman]a risk in doing so.
他们做事会采取主动,即使这样做要冒风险,也在所不惜.
They have [font=Times New Roman]a wide knowledge of everyday things,and a keen interest in their particular city and state.
他们对日常事情所知甚广,对所在的城市和州深为关切.
The Americans have [font=Times New Roman]a passion for grandeur.
美国人酷爱豪华的气派.
The USA is reputed to be [font=Times New Roman]a classless society.
人们普遍认为,美国是个没有阶级的社会.
定冠词the在英译汉时,如果名次前不加”这,那”就能清楚地表达意思,那么,the就可以省略不译.如:
Is [font=Times New Roman]the sole aim of most Americans to make money and possess luxuries which could be called excessive?
赚钱和拥有可以称得上过多的奢侈品,是不是大多数美国人唯一的目标?
[font=Times New Roman]The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of international law.
使用细菌武器显然是违反国际法的.
4.介词的省略
英语的一大特点是句子中大量使用介词.在英译汉时,介词不必每个都译.这里介绍集中常见的介词省略情况.
A.有些表示时间的介词不必译出:
[font=Times New Roman]In 1988,Mikhail Gorbachev gave an important speech to the U.N. General Assembly.
1988年,米哈伊尔’戈尔巴乔夫在联大作了一次重要演讲.
B.有些表示地点的介词可以省译:
Smoking is prohibited[font=Times New Roman] in public places.
公共场所不准吸烟.
C.些与名次搭配的介词可以省译:
Their skyscrapers,bridges and dams often have a splendor which matches[font=Times New Roman] in beauty and scale the country’s natural wonders.
他们的摩天大楼,桥梁和水坝往往气势壮观,与美国的自然奇观之壮美和恢宏相得益彰.
5.其他省略
It is from this”underclass.”and those who take advantage of it,that most of the violence springs----[font=Times New Roman]the violence which is one of the least pleasant of American society.
正是这个”社会下层阶级”及利用这阶层的人引发了社会上的大多数暴乱,使之称谓美国社会最令人不快的一面.
作为同为于,第二个violence在汉译时可以考虑不译,以便使译文更顺畅.

二.TRANSLATING COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES
所谓comparative structures是指less than,more than,not so much as等表示比较意义的结构.
在不少情况下,这类”比较结构”不能简单地译成”比….少(多)”
Americans have a warmth and friendliness which is [font=Times New Roman]less superficial [font=Times New Roman]than many foreigners think.
在这句话里,”less…than…”用”比…少”很难译出原句意思.试用其他表达方式把这句话译成通顺明白的汉语.
同样,下面句子里的”more…than…”也不宜译成”比…多”
Americans are far [font=Times New Roman]more race-conscious [font=Times New Roman]than they are class-conscious.
在这句话里,”more…than…”可译为”与其说…不如说…”
请看下面的例句及其汉译:
Miss Hunter is[font=Times New Roman] more snobbish [font=Times New Roman]than haughty.
亨特小姐与其说是高傲不说说是势力.
(more than放在一起时,可以译成”不仅仅是”.此外,more than放在一起,还可以解释成”很”,如I am more than happy to hear it.我听到这个很高兴.)同样,”less…than…”也有”与其说…不如说…”的意思.
It was [font=Times New Roman]not so much her appearance he liked [font=Times New Roman]as her character.
与其说他喜欢她的外表不如说喜欢她的性格.

PS:上面所提到到的代词,连词,冠词,介词以及比较结构中的词语,我已经用特殊字体标注,请仔细观察.嗯
:wub:CLASS OVER